Ćwiczenie 1: Transformacje FCE / Matura rozszerzona
Przekształć zdanie, wpisując brakujące słowa z inwersją. Użyj słowa w nawiasie.
Inwersja w trybach warunkowych — Had I known, Should you need
Conditional Inversion
Had I known, Should you need, Were we to meet. Poznaj inwersję warunkową na poziomie B2 i zamień codzienne if na eleganckie konstrukcje.
W skrócie
Inwersja warunkowa polega na usunięciu spójnika if i postawieniu czasownika posiłkowego (Should, Were lub Had) na samym początku zdania przed podmiotem:
- 1. warunek:
If you need help...→Should you need help, let me know. - 2. warunek:
If I were you...→Were I you, I wouldn't do it. - 3. warunek:
If I had known...→Had I known, I would have told you.
Konstrukcja nadaje wypowiedzi elegancki, oficjalny ton, typowy dla korespondencji biznesowej i zadań transformacyjnych FCE/CAE.
Zasady przekształceń dla poszczególnych trybów warunkowych
Dla każdego trybu obowiązuje stały schemat zamiany:
| Tryb warunkowy | Zdanie standardowe (z if) | Inwersja (bez if) |
|---|---|---|
| First Conditional | If you experience any delay... | Should you experience any delay... |
| Second Conditional (z 'were') | If he were more careful... | Were he more careful... |
| Second Conditional (inny czasownik) | If they decided to sell... | Were they to decide to sell... |
| Third Conditional | If we had booked earlier... | Had we booked earlier... |
Krok po kroku: od 'If' do inwersji
Usuń słowo 'if' i zamień kolejność pierwszych dwóch wyrazów:
- If you require further information, please call me. Should you require further information, please call me. if + present → Should + podmiot + bezokolicznik
- If she were available, she would join us. Were she available, she would join us. if she were → Were she
- If they had warned us, we would have prepared. Had they warned us, we would have prepared. if they had warned → Had they warned
- If it hadn't been for his advice, I'd have failed. Had it not been for his advice, I'd have failed. zwróć uwagę na pozycję słówka 'not' po podmiocie 'it'
Typowe błędy Polaków
- Had not I seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it. → Had I not seen it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it. Słówko 'not' w inwersji musi stać po podmiocie (Had I not, a nie Had not I).
- If had I known, I would have answered. → Had I known, I would have answered. W inwersji usuwamy 'if'. Połączenie 'if had I' jest rażącym błędem podwójnego warunku.
- Should you will have any problems, let us know. → Should you have any problems, let us know. Po słowie 'Should' występuje czysty bezokolicznik bez will.
Ćwiczenia
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